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《垃圾焚烧厂最佳可用技术参考文件》2018年版 4.5章 第一部分(待续) 学习笔记(一)

2020-02-12 11:30来源:无锡华星东方电力环保关键词:烟气净化工艺除尘技术华星东方收藏点赞

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4.5.2 除尘技术

The application of a system to remove dust from the flue-gas is generally considered essential for all waste incineration plants.

通常来说,垃圾焚烧厂都需要烟气除尘系统。

This section considers the locating of a dust removal stage before other subsequent FGC stages

(i.e. upstream dedusting or pre-dedusting) or after other FGC systems (i.e. downstream dedusting).

本章节考虑了烟气净化系统的前置除尘(上游除尘或预除尘)和后置除尘(下游除尘)。

Upstream dedusting is used in combination with wet processes in order to protect the scrubbers.

上游除尘通常和湿法工艺相结合,为了保护洗涤塔。

Downstream dedusting is generally necessary for dry and semi-wet processes in order to capture at the same time as dust the salts produced by the reaction between acid gases and alkaline reagents. In some cases, double dedusting is applied, in which case the downstream deduster is sometimes called polishing deduster. [7, TWG 2017]

下游除尘通常和半干法(SDA)工艺相结合以同时便捕捉吸收塔中由酸性气体和碱性脱酸剂生成的副产物和粉尘。在有些应用案例中,会使用双除尘技术,下游除尘器通常被称为抛光除尘器。(就像湿法洗涤塔被称为抛光洗涤塔一样,用于最后的防守和精细脱酸)

4.5.2.1 Pre-dedusting stage before other flue-gas treatments

4.5.2.1 烟气净化系统的预除尘

Description

4.5.2.1.1 说明

This section refers to a dust removal stage located after the pre-dedusting in the boiler, [ 74,

TWG 2004 ] but generally before other subsequent FGC stages.

本节是指锅炉后段的预除尘阶段,通常都布置在整个烟气净化系统之前。

Technical description

4.5.2.1.2 技术说明

The following pre-dedusting systems are used for waste incineration:

如下预除尘应用于垃圾焚烧:

•cyclones and multi-cyclones (generally in combination with other FGC components for the efficient capture of the finer dust fractions);

旋风或多管旋风(通常要和其他更高效的除尘工艺相结合<估计后面湿法洗涤是不是可以不再追加布袋或静电>,歌本山项目是个例外);

•electrostatic precipitators (ESPs);

静电除尘器;

•bag filters (BFs).

布袋除尘器。

(注:这里未提及陶瓷滤筒)

The individual techniques are described in Section 2.5.3.

单独的技术在2.5.3章节描述。

Wet ESPs are not generally applied to pre-dedusting on ac of the flue-gas temperatures in the pre-dedusting area. [ 64, TWG 2003 ] In general, they are used for polishing after scrubbing. [ 74, TWG 2004 ]

湿式除尘器通常不作为预除尘使用是因为要考虑到温度因素。通常,他们布置在洗涤塔之后用于抛光处理。

Achieved environmental benefits

4.5.2.1.3 获得环境效益(该技术的优势)

Benefits include the reduction of emissions to the flue-gas stream by reducing the particulate

load on later FGC processes.

这个利益包括减少了粉尘进入烟气净化系统的下游设备或工艺段。

Separation of the fly ash from the FGC residues allows:

将烟气净化系统中的副产物提前分离出来:

• reductions in the quantity of FGC residues produced;

减少了烟气净化系统副产物的数量

• separate treatment of fly ashes for possible recycling uses.

将飞灰单独提前分离出来,有利于循环利用(我们在山鹰公安和吉安项目都考虑作飞灰鉴别,以希望减少危废处理量,降低运行成本。)

Pre-dedusting reduces dust loads on subsequent FGC systems. These may then be reduced in capacity and will experience reduced clogging risks, and hence downstream units may be designed smaller and with some degree of reduced costs.

预除尘减少了下游烟气净化系统的粉尘负荷。这些将减少了粉尘量从而减少了系统堵塞的风险。(临淄项目因为没有布置预除尘,导致刮板机和灰斗堵塞的运行风险大大增加,这也是业主商务人员占主导决策地位的一个失败的案例。)同时,下游设备可以设计的更小以便降低一些成本。

Separate collection of the flue-gas components will not be of any environmental benefit if the separated residues are then remixed afterwards. Consideration of downstream aspects is therefore required to evaluate the possibility of real benefits. [ 64, TWG 2003 ]

在某些情况下,如果最终分离物需要再次混合,那就不必要再设计预除尘。所以,在设计预除尘时,需要考虑下游工艺的实际情况来评估是否需要设计预除尘。

ESPs and cyclones alone may have problems reaching the required dust emission levels. However, they are useful as pre-dedusters and contribute to meeting the lowest emission levels when applied in combination with other techniques.

单靠电除尘和旋风除尘是很难达到排放要求的。但是作为预除尘与其他工艺技术相结合,可以有效达到超低的粉尘排放水平。

Environmental performance and operational data


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