《垃圾焚烧厂最佳可用技术参考文件》2018年版 4.5章 第一部分（待续） 学习笔记（一）

For this technique, the most significant cross-media effect is higher residue production rates than for wet systems.

该技术的最主要的跨介质影响是会比湿法产生更多的副产物。

Separate collection of fly ash is possible if this system is preceded by an ESP. This then increases separation of fly ash and FGC residues, which can be beneficial if separate treatment/recycling options exist for these residues.

如果该系统前置了一个静电除尘器，那么飞灰可以单独进行收集。这就促进了飞灰和烟气净化系统副产物的分离，从而使得副产物的循环利用和分离处理的实现获得更多益处。

The semi-wet FGC system is often applied as a single-stage multi-reactor. Such systems usually have lower energy requirements than more complex multistage FGC systems.

该半干法系统通常作为一个单级多用途反应器使用。这类系统的能耗通常低于哪些多级复杂的烟气净化系统。

Technical considerations relevant to applicability

4.5.3.2.6 技术适用性的考虑

The technique is generally applicable.

该技术普遍适用。

Due to the outlet temperature (120–170 °C), the flue-gas may need to be reheated for some subsequent FGC systems, e.g. SCR.

由于其出口温度（120-170度），为了下游烟气净化系统（如：SCR系统）的需要，其烟气需要进行再加热。

Economics

4.5.3.2.7 经济因素

Capital cost information for the technique is shown in the table below.

该技术的投资成本如下表所示。

Table 4.24: Estimated investment costs of ed components of typical semi-wet FGC systems

Table 4.24: 典型的半干法烟气净化系统的选定部件投资成本估算

Key operational factors of this technique are:

该技术的关键操作点是：

•investment costs are lower than for wet FGC systems, especially for relatively small capacities [ 2, InfoMil 2002 ]; possible higher cost of disposal of the higher quantity of residues produced (than wet systems);

投资成本低于湿法烟气净化系统，对规模较小的焚烧厂而言更甚；副产物的量和处置成本相对较高（与湿法系统对比而言）；

•reduced labour cost (compared to wet systems) due to the lower complexity, particularly because it avoids the costs of operating an effluent treatment plant;

由于复杂性相对较低，人员成本会减少（与湿法系统对比而言），特别是因为半干法系统避免了废水处理岛的运行成本。

•increased alkaline reagent cost due to higher stoichiometric ratios.

由于半干法需要更高的化学计量比，其碱性吸收剂的成本较高；

Driving force for implementation

4.5.3.2.8 实施动力（该技术的优势）

•Capability to deal with moderate and moderately variable inlet flue-gas loads.

适用于中等和中等波动的入口烟气负荷（个人理解包括：污染物浓度和烟气量波动）。

•No production of effluent.

无废水排放。

•Lower investment cost than for a wet scrubber.

比湿法洗涤塔投资要低。

•Water consumption lower than for a wet scrubber.

比湿法洗涤塔的水耗要低。

•Lower plume visibility than with wet systems. [ 64, TWG 2003 ]

比湿法洗涤的有色烟羽的程度要轻。

Example plants

4.5.3.2.9 工厂案例

Widely used in Europe, e.g. the UK, Germany, France and Denmark.

在欧盟广泛使用，如：英国，德国，法国和丹麦。

Reference literature

4.5.3.2.10 参考文献

[1, UBA, 2001] [ 2, InfoMil 2002 ] [3, Austria, 2002] [12, Achternbosch, 2002] [26, RSP 1999], [54, dechefdebien, 2003] [ 64, TWG 2003 ]

4.5.3.3 Dry FGC systems

4.5.3.3 干法烟气净化系统

Description

4.5.3.3.1 说明

This technique is described in Section 2.5.4.

该技术描述详见2.5.4章节。

Technical description

4.5.3.3.2 技术说明

Lime (e.g. hydrated lime, high specific surface area lime) and sodium bicarbonate are commonly used as the alkaline reagents. The addition of activated carbon provides for the reduction by adsorption of mercury and PCDD/F emissions.

石灰（例如：熟石灰，高比表面积石灰）和小苏打是通常使用的碱性吸收剂。通过加入活性炭吸收汞和二噁英/呋喃来实现减排。

Finely ground sodium bicarbonate, when injected into hot gases (above 160 °C), is converted to sodium carbonate of high porosity and hence is effective for acid gas absorption. [59, CEFIC

2002], [7, TWG 2017]- CEWEP-ESWET

研磨小苏打，当喷入到高温烟气（高于160度），转化为高孔隙率的碳酸钠，因此对酸性气体吸收有效。

Achieved environmental benefits

4.5.3.3.3 获得环境效益

With this technique, it is generally not possible to reach the same very low emission levels as with other FGC systems without increasing reagent dosing rates and consequent residue generation. Reagent recycling can reduce these cross-media effects to some degree, but can lead to operational difficulties related to reagent dosing systems.

使用该技术，很难如使用其他烟气净化工艺一样，达到非常低的排放水平，除非靠增加吸收剂给料率和进而副产物排出量也会增加。吸收剂循环可以在一定程度上减少跨介质影响，但是可能导致吸收剂给料系统的操作难度。

Environmental performance and operational data