面向2040年的革新污水处理工艺：新型“AB工艺-厌氧氨氧化”耦合动态膜过滤

荷兰KWR水循环研究院提出了一种新型“A-B工艺”，并申请了专利，这种技术将A段高负荷、短停留时间工艺，耦合动态过滤分离技术超量捕获有机物进行厌氧消化，以最大程度上将污水中的有机物转化为能源。类似革新技术笔者认为代表了世界未来污水处理发展趋势。

由于时间关系，笔者选择关键内容摘录：

The primary goal of the DynaFil project is to substantially increase the amount oforganic matter that is sent to the digester at a WWTP by increasing the amountof organic matter reatained in the A-stage sludge and by improving the sludge separation efficiency. The increase in biogas production from wastewater andlower aeration requirement in the B-stage enables an energy-neutral WWTP andtherefore a more sustainable watercycle.

Thefollowing project components are distinguished:

-Inventory of existing process conditions in A-stages

-Development of sludge separation based on dynamic filtration

-Research into anaerobic digestion with dynamic filtration

By useof dynamic filtration solids can be separated from a liquid phase. Dynamic filtrationis a process in which on a coarse support material (typical pore size from 3 to500μm) a filtering cake layer is built-up with smaller pore sizes. The term ‘dynamic’refers to the dynamically changing structure of the filter cake layer duringthe filtration cycle. Compared to micro- and ultrafiltration dynamic filtrationis acterized by:

- Higher fluxes (5-1000 L/m2.h);

- Lower pressure across the filter(1-50 cm watercolumn);

- A lower filtrate quality (2 to 20 mg/Lsuspended solids)as there is no absolute barrier for retention of smaller particles.

Wastewatertreatment requires energy,specially the aeration of wastewater in activatedsludge processes. On the other hand wastewater contains a lot of energy in the formof organic matter. Currently,wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) with a primarysettler collect only about 30% of these organics in the first stage. The collected organics can be converted into biogas and used for energy production. With the'Adsorption-Belebung' system (ABprocess), developed at the University of Aachenduring the energy crisis in the nineteenseventies, more organics can be collected. More than 70% of the organic matter can be trapped in the first adsorption step(A-stage). Whereas the present AB process is equipped with intermediate settlingtanks a new separation technology is put forward to collect these organics by use of dynamic filtration. Dynamic filtration is a process in which on a coarsesupport material (typical pore size from 3 to 500μm), a filtering cake layer isbuilt-up with smaller pore sizes. In the DynaFil project we work on theoptimization of process conditionsin the A-stage, development of sludge separation based on dynamic filtrationand study digestion with dynamic filtration. The results of the project are expectedto contribute to an increased sustainable energy production at WWTP plants,reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and savings in energy use, costs and space.