《垃圾焚烧厂最佳可用技术参考文件》2018年版 4.5章第一部分（待续）学习笔记（一）-第4页-北极星大气网

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4.5.2.1.4 排放性能和运行数据

[ 2, InfoMil 2002 ] Cyclone collection efficiency increases directly as a function of the dust load, flue-gas flow rate, particle size and density. As the fly ash particles are fine, the density is low and the dust load and flue-gas flow rate change, so the dust removal efficiency of cyclones is limited. Normally, dust concentration values no lower than 200–300 mg/Nm3 can be reached. Multi-cyclones, which are based on the same removal principle, can reach somewhat lower values, but values below 100–150 mg/Nm3 are very difficult to achieve.

旋风除尘器的效率会随着粉尘入口浓度，烟气流量，粉尘颗粒的大小和密度的变化而显著提高。（遗漏翻译）

[ 2, InfoMil 2002 ] An ESP can reach substantially lower dust concentration values than (multi-) cyclones. Depending on the design and the siting in the flue-gas treatment system (pre- or downstream dedusting), and the number of fields, dust emission concentration values of 15–25 mg/Nm3 can normally be achieved. Achieving values below 5 mg/Nm3 is possible with more fields (two or three) and an increased ESP surface (and hence increased cost and space requirements).

静电除尘器的除尘效率显著高于（多管）旋风除尘器。根据其设计和其所在烟气净化系统中的布置位置（上游或下游布置）和设计电场数量，其粉尘排放可轻松达到15-25mg/Nm3。使用更多的电场（2-3个）和更大的通过面积（会因此增加成本和空间），静电除尘器也可以低于5mg/Nm3的排放水平。

Bag filters are generally very efficient dust removers. Where bag filters are used, most commonly reagents are also injected (although this is not always the case) to build a pre-coat layer over the bags to protect against corrosion and help filtration (especially for deep filtration). [ 74, TWG 2004 ] The reagents used are commonly hydrated lime and activated carbon. Activated carbon reduces the dioxin and mercury loads passing on to the subsequent flue-gas cleaning stages. For wet systems, this helps to reduce the memory-effect dioxin build-up in the scrubber materials.

布袋过滤方式在除尘方面有非常高的效率。当使用了布袋，通常也会选择干粉喷射工艺以便形成一层滤饼保护滤袋抵御腐蚀（特别是深层过滤）。通常会使用消石灰和活性炭作为干粉药剂。活性炭会通过吸附减少下游烟气设备的二噁英和汞的浓度。对湿法系统来说，这有助于减少洗涤塔填料等材料（我理解是包括填料，各类管道表面等）中的二噁英的累积记忆效应。

Care should be taken concerning the level of ash in the hopper as well as cinder (especially if bag filters are installed directly after the boiler) to prevent risk of fire.

应当注意灰斗和炉渣中灰分水平以防止火灾。（特别是直接布置在锅炉下游的布袋除尘器）

[ 2, InfoMil 2002 ] Cyclones are a relatively simple design without moving parts (except for the transport systems used for the removal of the fly ash from the bottom) and, therefore, can have high availability at relatively low costs. However, the pressure of the flue-gas stream is relatively high, resulting in an increased power requirement for the flue-gas fan and therefore in additional energy consumption.

旋风分离器是一种相对简单的设计，无需移动部件（用于清除底部飞灰的运输系统除外）。因此，可以以相对较低的成本获得高可用性。然而，烟气流的压降相对较高，导致对引风机的功率要求增加，从而增加了能耗。

[ 2, InfoMil 2002 ] For the proper functioning of an ESP, it is important that the flue-gas stream is evenly distributed over its total surface. The pressure of the flue-gas over an ESP is low, reducing energy consumption. However, some pre-dedusting equipment (e.g. ESPs, filters) require electricity for their operation. [ 74, TWG 2004 ].

为了使电除尘正常运作，除尘器内流程均匀分布是很重要的。电除尘的压降很低，可以减少能源消耗。但是一些预除尘设备需要使用电力（如：静电和布袋）。

Table 4.11: Operational data associated with the use of pre-dedusting systems

Table 4.11: 与使用预除尘相关的运行数据

The table below provides a comparison of dust removal techniques (used at the pre- and post- dedusting stages):

下表提供了各种除尘技术的比较（作为预除尘和主要除尘）

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《垃圾焚烧厂最佳可用技术参考文件》2018年版 4.5章 第一部分（待续） 学习笔记（一）

湿式电除尘频繁放电原因分析及对策

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