《垃圾焚烧厂最佳可用技术参考文件》2018年版 4.5章 第一部分（待续） 学习笔记（一）

The most significant cross-media effect of this technique is the production of solid residues, which, all other parameters being equal, is generally greater than with wet systems. The excess may be reduced somewhat by residue recirculation.

该技术最显著的跨介质影响就是副产物的量，在边界条件相当的情况下，通常其副产物量是大约湿法系统的。当使用物料循环系统，副产物可能会减少。

With sodium bicarbonate, the solid residues are more soluble than with hydrated lime, but significantly lower in quantity. Residues from bicarbonate systems, if separated from the fly ashes, may be treated and recycled in the chemical industry (established practice in France and Italy). [ 74, TWG 2004 ], [7, TWG 2017]-CEFIC

在使用小苏打时，副产物比使用消石灰时更容易溶解，但是排放量明显减少。来自碳酸氢盐的副产物如果跟飞灰相分离后，还可以在化学工业中进行处理和回收（在法国和意大利有投产案例）。

Technical considerations relevant to applicability

4.5.3.3.6 技术适用性的考虑

The technique is generally applicable.

该技术普遍适用。

Economics

4.5.3.3.7 经济因素

Capital cost and system design considerations:

投资成本和系统设计需要考虑的因素：

•Lower capital costs than for semi-wet systems.

比半干法的投资成本更低。

•Higher possible operating temperatures can lead to savings for flue-gas reheating, e.g. for

SCR.

可以使用更高的运行温度从而降低了烟气再热的运行成本，如：下游要使用的SCR。

•Reagent slurry handling/mixing unit not required with dry systems.

干法烟气系统不需要吸收剂浆液制备系统。

Operating cost considerations relative to other techniques:

与其他烟气技术相比运行成本要考虑的因素：

• increased reagent consumption rates, compared to wet FGC;

与湿法烟气净化系统相比，增加了吸收剂的消耗率；

• increased disposal costs for residues, compared to other FGC systems;

与其他烟气净化系统相比，增加了副产物的处置成本；

• savings for treatment/disposal because of lack of effluent.

由于没有废水，省下了废水的处理和处置的成本。

Driving force for implementation

4.5.3.3.8 实施动力（该技术的优势）

The simplicity of such systems is the main reason for their use.

该技术简单是使用它的主要原因。

The lower energy consumption compared to other FGC options, and the lower possible boiler outlet temperatures allowed by the absence of a temperature in dry FGC, also make these systems attractive from the point of view of energy recovery.

与其他烟气净化系统技术相比，更低的能源消耗（电耗），可以适用更低的锅炉出口排烟温度因为干法烟气净化系统不需要温降段，从能源回收角度来讲使得该技术更具吸引力。

Restrictions on water supply and outlets make the use of dry FGC systems favourable. When water disges are forbidden, dry (and semi-dry) systems are favoured.

对供水限制和限制排放废水的情况下，使用干法烟气净化工艺更为有利。在废水零排放时，干法（和半干法）工艺是最佳选择。

Dry systems provide further advantages where a visible plume has to be avoided.

采用干法系统还更有助于那些要求避免出现烟羽的地方。

Example plants

4.5.3.3.9 工厂案例

The technique is widely used throughout Europe. Over 240 plants are operating in more than 10

European ries, and Japan and the US.

该技术在欧洲广泛应用。在超过10个欧洲国家，日本和美国有240做焚烧厂采用了该技术。

There are examples of merchant HWIs using dry systems in France and Germany.

在法国和德国还有一些商业危险废弃物焚烧厂使用干法烟气净化系统的案例。

Reference literature

4.5.3.3.10 参考文献

[ 59, CEFIC 2002 ], [ 2, InfoMil 2002 ], [ 64, TWG 2003 ]

4.5.3.4 Addition of wet scrubbing as a flue-gas polishing system after other FGC techniques

4.5.3.4 在其他烟气净化技术末端增加湿式洗涤塔作为抛光系统

Description

4.5.3.4.1 说明

It is possible to consider that the addition of a final wet flue-gas treatment system, or flue-gas condensation, is a polishing treatment after other systems that deal with acid gases, etc. This

addition is generally made to control HCl and SO2 emissions where they are high or variable. [

74, TWG 2004 ]

可以认为，在其他系统之后追加一道湿法洗涤的烟气净化系统或者烟气冷凝系统，是一种处理酸性气体等的抛光处理方式（精细化处理）。这个额外装置通常可以用来处理入口浓度较高或者波动较大的HCL和SO2的。

Technical description

4.5.3.4.2 技术说明

Flue-gas polishing is typically performed in packed bed wet scrubbers. A usual feature of wet

scrubbing in the polishing position is that HCl, SO2, HF and possibly mercury can be removed in one common stage rather than in two separate stages. NaOH can be added to improve the removal of SO2 and HF. The process water may be injected into the furnace or into the upstream dry flue-gas cleaning system for waste-water-free operation. Energy recovery by condensation can be integrated into the system, and the occurrence of wet plume can be avoided by reheating the flue-gas by the addition of a steam heater or by a gas-gas heat exchanger without the need for an additional energy supply.

烟气抛光处理（高效脱除）通常是在填料塔中完成的。一个典型的特征是，当湿法洗涤在抛光处理的时候，HCL，SO2，HF以及可能的汞是在同一级塔中完成去除的，而不是在分开的二级塔中分别完成的。加入NaOH可以提高SO2和HF的去除率。废水可以喷入炉膛或在上游的干法烟气净化段，从而实现不需要废水的排放。从冷凝段回收的能源可以继续返回系统使用，通过使用蒸汽加热器或气气换热器再热（低温）烟气可以避免湿烟羽的出现，而不需要额外的能源消耗。（冷凝回收的热量够平衡这个烟气再热吗？没算过。）

Achieved environmental benefits