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国外修复案例精选丨三种稳定化技术处理汞污染矿石与废石

2017-04-19 13:52来源:周周向上作者:周永峰关键词:汞污染污染场地修复土壤汞污染收藏点赞

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Description//案例综述

The Sulfur Bank Mercury Mine (SBMM) Superfund site is located on the south shore of Oaks Arm of Clear Lake, in Lake County, California. SBMM was mined periodically from 1865 to 1957, with open pit mining beginning in 1915. Starting in the late 1920s, heavy earthmoving equipment was used on a large-scale basis, which dramatically increased the environmental impacts of the mining. Various mining activities over the years have deposited large amounts of mercury in the Clear Lake ecosystem//阐述场地位置和历史背景:注意曾露天采矿且大量使用重型运土设备,导致环境严重破坏;长年累月的、各种形式的采矿导致了克利尔湖生态系统中沉积了大量的汞。

Two innovative in situ stabilization technologies and one generic phosphate stabilization treatment were evaluated in a treatability study, using material from the SBMM. The two innovative technologies were the ENTHRALL, developed by E&C Williams, Inc., and the Silica Micro Encapsulation (SME) process, developed by the Klean Earth Environmental Company.//本案例试验了两项改良原位稳定化技术(ENTHRALL和SME)和一项普通磷酸盐稳定化技术;所使用的受试材料取自SBMM场地。

The ENTHRALL technology uses an inorganic sulfide reagent, which forms a permanent bond between the reagent and the heavy metals. The reagent is injected using a proprietary sonic drill. The SME process encapsulates the heavy metals in an impervious microscopic silica matrix. The process can be conducted ex situ by first excavating the material and mixing it with the reagent at an adjacent on-site facility. The material is then returned to the site and compressed into place. The generic phosphate treatment stabilizes the heavy metals by chemically binding them into stable phosphate phases, such as apatites, and other relatively insoluble phases in soil.//ENTHRALL技术采用声波钻机注入无机硫化物药剂,与重金属形成永久性结合。SME工艺将重金属封闭在不渗透硅石基质微观结构中;该工艺可异位实施:在邻近设施中混合药剂与受试材料,之后送回原场并压缩。普通磷酸盐处理是通过磷酸盐与重金属的化学结合,转化为稳定态磷酸盐(如磷灰石)或在土壤中难溶的其他形态。

The ENTHRALL technology was not effective in reducing levels of mobile mercury in the mercury ore columns. The SME process was applied both ex situ and in situ and was effective in reducing mobile mercury. Both the in situ and ex situ treatments achieved a 99% reduction in particulate-associated mercury, relative to the control, but there was a significant increase in the mass of mercury in the dissolved fraction. The phosphate treatment increased the levels of both the particulate and dissolved fractions. The rise in leachable mercury invalidates this treatment as a possible remedial alternative for the materials at the SBMM site//ENTHRALL技术未能降低汞矿柱中的移动态汞水平。SME工艺无论在原位还是异位处理时均有效的减少了移动态汞;与控制柱相比,无论是原位还是异位处理,均使得颗粒态汞减少了99%,但在溶解组分中汞质量显著增加。普通磷酸盐技术同时增加了颗粒态和溶解组分的汞水平;浸出汞的增加使得该技术无法作为SBMM场地的备选修复技术。

The estimated total operating cost for the ENTHRALL and SME process technologies were $59,807,000 and $35,690,000, respectively. Residual handling costs were not included in these costs because the technologies do not produce residuals. Full-scale treatment costs were not provided for the generic phosphate treatment.//估算ENTHRALL和SME技术的总运行费用分别为5980.7万美元和3569万美元;由于这两项技术均不产生残余物,所以未包含残余物处理费用。未提供普通磷酸盐技术的足尺试验费用。

原标题:国外修复案例精选丨三种稳定化技术处理汞污染矿石与废石
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