《垃圾焚烧厂最佳可用技术参考文件》2018年版 4.5章 第一部分（待续） 学习笔记（一）

Technical description

4.5.3.7.2 技术说明

In this technique, the hydrated lime reagent is injected and reacts with the acid gases directly in

the furnace, at optimal temperatures of 800–1 200 oC, to reduce the raw gas acid loads passing to subsequent flue-gas cleaning stages. Since adsorption at high temperatures is highly efficient

for SOX and HF removal, this reaction consumes significantly less reagent compared to achieving an equal removal rate at a lower temperature at the stage of the bag filter. The technique also flattens pollutant peaks, allowing the further reduction of reagent use in the

downstream flue-gas cleaning unit.

该技术，在800-1200度的最佳反应温度下，在炉内喷入消石灰吸收剂和烟气中的酸性气体直接反应，从而减少下游烟气净化段中烟气的酸性污染物负荷。因为对Sox和HF而言，高温吸附的效率是很高的，在同样的去除率下，其（高温段）吸收剂消耗量与布袋除尘器低温段的消耗量相比要明显减少。该技术还有助于解决峰值超标的问题，并可以减少下游烟气净化设备的吸收剂消耗。

Achieved environmental benefits

4.5.3.7.3 获得环境效益

Benefits are reduction of raw gas loads and reduction of acid gas peaks, and reduction of emissions and reagent consumption in the downstream flue-gas cleaning unit.

其好处在于减少了原烟气的酸性负荷和酸性烟气的峰值，减少了下游烟气净化设备中酸性气体的排放值和吸收剂消耗量。

Environmental performance and operational data

4.5.3.7.4 排放性能和运行数据

The reduction of SO2, SO3 and HF by 80–96 % and of HCl by 25–30 % (at the exit of the boiler) is reported with an injection rate of 3–8 kg hydrated lime per tonne of waste.

有报告称，对每吨垃圾喷入3-8公斤的消石灰，其脱除SO2，SO3和HF的效率可达80-96%，对HCL脱除效率为25-30%（在锅炉出口处的效率）。

Cross-media effects

4.5.3.7.5 跨介质影响（增加的能源消耗或其他影响）

Since an overall reduction in the use of reagents in the combined in-boiler and downstream flue-

gas cleaning systems is reported, no cross-media effects are expected.

据报告称，因为在锅炉和下游烟气净化系统中使用试剂的总体减少，预计不会产生跨介质影响。

Technical considerations relevant to applicability

4.5.3.7.6 技术适用性的考虑

The technique is generally applicable to grate and rotary kiln plants.

该技术通常适用于炉排和回转窑焚烧厂。

Economics

4.5.3.7.7 经济因素

Investment costs are reported to be in the range of EUR 100 000–300 000.

据报告称，该工艺设备的投资成本范围在10-30万欧元。

Operating costs, including maintenance and energy costs for the conveying system and reagent costs for for boiler injection, are EUR 0.4–2.20 per tonne of waste.

运行成本，包括维护，输送系统的能源消耗以及喷入锅炉的吸收剂成本（为何没考虑燃烧热量损失的成本？），是0.4-2.2欧元/吨垃圾。

Avoided operating costs in the case of downstream NaHCO3 sorbent injection are EUR 0.72–

2.04 per tonne of waste.

选择下游烟气净化系统使用小苏打作为吸收剂的成本是0.72-2.04欧元/吨垃圾。（上面的成本应该是都用消石灰）

Driving force for implementation

4.5.3.7.8 实施动力（该技术的优势）

• Allowance of increased input loads of acidic pollutants in the waste.

可以焚烧酸性污染物含量更高的废弃物。

• Reduction of boiler maintenance downtime.

减少锅炉维护停机时间。（减少检修频次）

• Reduction of the occurrence of acid gas emission peaks.

减少烟气中酸性污染峰值出现的概率。

• Increase of the reliability of the FGC system by adding an additional step.

增加了一个额外的步骤提高了烟气净化系统的可靠性。

•As a retrofit, the technique can provide a simple upgrade of the existing FGC unit to increase the removal rate of acidic pollutants while keeping the reagent dosage rate moderate.

作为一种技改手段，该技术可以对现有烟气净化设备提供一个简单的升级从而增加了酸性污染物的去除率，且仍可以保持吸收剂的给料量维持在中等水平。（也就是不以增加吸收剂消耗量为代价）

Example plants

4.5.3.7.9 工厂案例

ACSM S.p.A., Como (IT) (IT02); AMSA S.p.A. Milano (IT); REA Dalmine (IT) (IT10.1/IT10.2); Silea S.p.A, Valmadrera (IT) (IT11); Tecnoborgo S.p.A., Piacenza (IT) (IT12);

ACSM S.p.A., Como（意大利）；AMSA S.p.A. Milano（意大利）；REA Dalmine（意大利）；Silea S.p.A, Valmadrera（意大利）；Tecnoborgo S.p.A., Piacenza（意大利）

Ambiente 2000 Trezzo Adda (IT); Brianza Energia Ambiente-Desio (IT) (IT03); AEM Gestioni

Cremona (IT); ACCAM S.p.A., Busto Arsizio (IT) (IT01); Ecolombardia 4 Filago (IT); Schwandorf MWI (DE); Heringen RDF plant (DE) (DE50).

Ambiente 2000 Trezzo Adda（意大利 http://termotrezzo.it/ 看了一下它的排放还行）；Brianza Energia Ambiente-Desio（意大利）；AEM Gestioni

Cremona（意大利）；ACCAM S.p.A., Busto Arsizio（意大利）；Ecolombardia 4 Filago（意大利）；Schwandorf 生活垃圾焚烧厂（德国）；Heringen RDF 工厂（德国）。

Reference literature

4.5.3.7.10 参考文献

[ 99, EuLA 2015 ]

4.5.3.8 Combination of semi-wet absorber and dry injection system

4.5.3.8 半干法+干粉喷射系统

Description

4.5.3.8.1 说明

Combination of a semi-wet process (generally SDA) and of dry sorbent injection (DSI). The

technique is also known as the three-quarters dry system.

半干法工艺（通常为SDA）和干法吸收剂直喷工艺（DSI）相结合。该技术也被称之为四分之三干法系统。

Technical description

4.5.3.8.2 技术说明

The technique consists of the injection of a dry reagent (DSI) upstream or downstream of the semi-wet reactor.

该技术包括在半干法的上游（吸收塔入口）和下游（吸收塔出口，中国多采用这种工艺）喷射干式吸收剂（DSI）的方式。

The reagent of the DSI can be hydrated lime, high-surface hydrated lime, high-porosity hydrated lime or a blend of hydrated lime and carbonaceous or mineral materials.

干式吸收剂直喷工艺所采用的吸收剂可以是消石灰，高比表面积消石灰，高孔隙率消石灰或是石灰与碳质（矿物材料）的混合物。

The basic principle of operation is to keep the injection of milk of lime in the reactor constant at the optimal design rate to capture most of the pollutant load, while the DSI is used to remove the residual acidic gas load including peaks by means of direct regulation control.

基本操作是以最佳设计速率保持反应器中石灰浆液的注入量保持恒定，以捕获大部分污染物负荷，而干粉喷射则通过直接调节控制来去除残余的烟气中的酸性负荷（包括峰值的酸性污染物）。